Definition :
They are aldehyde / ketone derivative of polyhydroxy alcohol
- Based on number of of monomer sugar can be :
- Monosaccharide
- Disaccharide
- Oligosaccharide
- polysaccharide
- Based on reducing sugar property sugar can be
| Reducing sugar | Non reducing sugar |
| Free cho group present | Free cho group absent |
| It acts as reducing agent | It does not act as reducing sugar |
| Benedict’s test = positive | Benedict’s test = negative |
| E.g. monosaccharide | E.g. sucrose |
- Based on Ketone group
- Aldose sugar
- Ketose sugar
Types of carbohydrates
- Monosaccharide
Definition = it is simplest sugar which cannot under go hydrolysis properties
Properties
- Simplest sugar
- Sweet in taste
- Soluble in water
- Hydrolysis not possible
- Can be absorbed by cel
l
- Disaccharide :
Definition = it is a dimer of 2 monosaccharide linked by glycosidic bond
Properties
- They are sweet by taste
- Soluble in water
- Hydrolysis is possible
- Can not be used by cell directly
- Polysaccharide :
Definition : they are polymer of monosaccharide linked by glycosidic bond
Properties
- They are tasteless
- Not soluble in water
- Hydrolysis is possible
- They can be not use by cell